Introduction -- 1. Helplessness -- 2. Flaws, errors and excuses: theories of Hamartia -- 3. Ignorance -- 4. Diminished responsibility: Medea and the crime passioned -- 5. Provocation: the defence of Clytemnestra -- 6. Saul, King of Israel, as tragic hero in French drama -- 7. Scapegoats: passing the buck to snakes, partners, parents and others.

"This comparative literary study re-evaluates the reciprocal relationship between tragic drama and current approaches to guilt and extenuation. Focusing on Racine but ranging widely, it sheds original light on tragic archetypes (Phaedra, Oedipus, Clytemnestra, Medea and others) through the lenses of performance theory and modern attitudes towards blame. Tragic drama and legal systems both aim to evaluate the merits of excuses provided on behalf of perpetrators of catastrophic acts. Edward Forman wittily and provocatively explores modern judicial concepts – diminished responsibility, provocation, trauma, ignorance, scapegoating – through the responses of characters in tragedy. Attention is paid to the way in which classical plays (ancient Greek and seventeenth-century French) have been re-interpreted in performance in the light of modern perceptions of human responsibility and helplessness." -- Baksida